Quiz and Final Exam Study Guide Essay

The quizzes and final exam are â€Å"open book, open notes. † The maximum time you can spend on a quiz is 45 minutes. On the final you will have 3 hours and 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the â€Å"Submit For Grade† button by the end of the allotted time, you will be automatically exited from the exam. In the final exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the â€Å"Save Answers† button in the exam frequently. This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet Service Providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect, you will normally be able to get back into your final exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. If you lose your Internet connection during a quiz or the final exam, logon again and try to access it. If you are unable to enter it again, first contact the Help Desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see the time remaining in the quiz or final exam at the top right of the page. 5. There are multiple pages on the final exam. * Make sure you click the â€Å"Save Answers† button before advancing to the next page (we also suggest clicking on â€Å"Save Answers† while you are working). Complete all of the pages before submitting your Final Exam for instructor review. * Do NOT use your browser’s ‘Back’ and ‘Forward’ buttons during the final exam. * Please use the provided links for navigation. Submitting your quiz or final exam * When you are finished with a quiz or the final exam, click on the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button. * Please note: Once you click the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button, you will NOT be able to edit or change any of your answers. 7. Quiz and Exam Questions * On each quiz, there are 10 multiple-choice questions each worth 5 points and one essay question worth 10 points for a total of 30 points. On the final exam, there are 30 randomly selected multiple-choice questions each worth 5 points and 5 essay questions worth 30 points for a total of 300 points (150 multiple choice points, 150 essay points). * The final exam covers all course TCOs and Weeks 1-7. * The quizzes only cover the TCO’s for that week. * The final exam contains 3 pages, which can be completed in any order. You may go back and forth between the pages. * The quiz and final exam questions are pooled. This means that not everyone will have the same questions. Even if you do have some of the same questions, they may not be in the same order. These questions are distributed amongst the TCOs. * On the essay questions, your answers should be succinct, fully address each part of the question, and demonstrate your knowledge and understanding in a concise but complete answer. Most essay questions require answers that are a couple of paragraphs (not a couple of sentences) that directly speak to each part of the question. Some students opt to work on the essay questions first, due to their higher point value and length of time needed to adequately address each question, but this is entirely your choice. * Remember to always use proper citation when quoting other sources. This means that ANY borrowed material (even a short phrase) should be placed in quotation marks with the source (URL, author/date/page #) immediately following the end of the passage (the end quote). Changing a few words in a passage does NOT constitute putting it in your own words and proper citation is still required. Borrowed material should NOT dominate a student’s work, but should only be used sparingly to support your own thoughts, ideas, and examples. Heavy usage of borrowed material (even if properly cited) can jeopardize the points for that question. Uncited material can jeopardize a passing grade on the exam. As a part of our commitment to academic integrity, your work may be submitted to turnitin. com, an online plagiarism checking service. So please be VERY mindful of proper citation. 8. Some of the key study areas are below. While these are key areas, remember that the exam is comprehensive for all of the assigned course content and this study guide may not be all inclusive. The same goes for the quizzes: there may be material on the quiz that was part of the material for that week, but is not specifically listed here in the study guide.

Two- Variable Inequalities

In Elementary Algebra we have learned how to solve systems of equations. The solution to a system of linear equations is the point where the graphs of the lines intersect. The solution to a system of linear inequalities is every point in a region of the graph where the inequalities overlap, rather than the point of intersection of the lines (Slavin, 2001).This week assignment required to solve problem 68 on page 539 (Dugopolski, 2012). I will be giving a detailed presentation on math required for the solution to this problem; the accompanying graph shows all of the possibilities for the number of refrigerators and the number of TVs that will fit into an 18-wheeler. The point-slope form of a linear equation to write the equation itself can now be used. These are the steps we take to solve our linear inequality. I will start with the point-slope form. Substitute slope form with (300, 0) for the x and y. Next we are going to use the distributive property and then add 330 to both sides a nd divided both sides by -3 and cancel out like terms.The graph has a solid line rather than a dashed line indicating that points on the line itself are part of the solution set. This will be true anytime the inequality symbol has the equal to bar.a) Write an inequality to describe this region.p = y1-y2 /x1-x2 = 330 – 0 / 0-110 = -3/1 the slope is -3/1 or -3 y – y1 = p(x – x1) y– 330 = – 3 / 1(x-0) y= – 3x/1 + 330 -3x/1 +330 = y expression switch by place the y on the right hand side -3x/-3 = y/-3 – 330/ -3 divide each equation by -3 and cancel out like terms -3y = 1x + 110 -3y + 1x < 110b) Will the truck hold 71 refrigerators and 118 TVs? In this problem I will be substituting 71 where the y is for refrigerators and 118 where the x is for TVs to determine if the truck will hold them.-3 (71) + 1 (118) < 110 -213 + 118 < 110 -95 < 110 Which means that the truck will not hold 71 refrigerators and 118 TVs.c) | Will the truck hold 51 refr igerators and 176 TVs? | This problem is similar to the previous one.-3 (51) + 1 (176) < 110 -153 +176 < 110 23 < 110 yes, the truck will hold at least 51 refrigerators and 176 TVsThe Burbank Buy More store is going to make an order which will include at most 60 refrigerators. What is the maximum number of TVs which could also be delivered on the same 18-wheeler? Describe the restrictions this would add to the existing graph. Solving for y1(60) + -3y < 110 -3y < -60 + 110 add 110 to -60 to get 50 -3y < 50 divide both terms by -3 -3y/-3 > 50/-3 signs flip y > -50/3 or y = 16There will be no added restriction because the maximum numbers of TVs   The next day, the Burbank Buy More decides they will have a television sale so they change their order to include at least 200 TVs. What is the maximum number of refrigerators which could also be delivered in the same truck? Describe the restrictions this would add to the original graph. 1x + -3 (200) < 110x < 600 + 100 x = < 710 If 200 TVs are ship.When graphing linear inequalities and they are greater than or less than you will use a dashed line. When the inequality is greater than or equal to or less than or equal to you will then use a solid line, which indicates that the points on the line are part of the solution set (Slavin, 2001). In this paper I have shown you a linear equation and broke down each step in solving the equation. I used the method of substitution for the variables and explained what the equations represent.

Nelson Mandela Essay

â€Å"The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall,† is a quote by Nelson Mandela, which represents what is needed in order to enjoy success in capturing or living a dream, a hope or a goal. What the quote means, is that in order for one to receive satisfaction, one must be able to overcome failure to achieve success instead of never failing. People don’t ever look at failing as a positive. Instead, they always looked at it as a negative. In reality, people who have never failed will never learn the importance rising after we fall. This quote from Nelson Mandela makes real good sense. If it wasn’t for that type of thinking South Africa will not be where it’s at today. It was his strive to overcome prison and all types of adversity, that South Africa is what it is today. Being able to climb back up and succeed after failure is the only way of really achieving success in capturing a dream, a hope or a goal. By following the quote, Nelson Mandela was able to be the first colored president of South Africa and changed the way politics were handled. If he would have given up after he was thrown in prison, he wouldn’t have gotten South African to where it is today. It was his strive to get back up on his feet and fight for what he believed in that got him to where he was. If he was not able to rise after he fell, where would South Africa be right now? No one person can succeed by staying on the top or no one person can succeed by staying on the bottom. There is a saying that best describes this, which is â€Å"what goes up must come down.† Typically when people come down it’s hard for them to ever go back up. With Nelson’s quote, to truly enjoy success for a dream, a hope or goal, one has to be able to get back on their feet after they have failed. Without failure, there will be no success.

Marketing management for the service industry Lab Report - 1

Marketing management for the service industry - Lab Report Example As a result of its success especially in providing quality services in an environmental friendly manner, in addition its marketing strategy, a case study on the company is going to be analyzed, researched. An analysis will be offered in relations to the company’s services and marketing strategy. Banyan Tree Resorts (BTR) currently offers a wide array of facilities and services that can constitute to a luxury resort experience. This is much so when related to the prices they are offering and the type of market or clients that are targeted and access services. A luxurious resort experience contains a number of things ranging from the type of services, the quality of services, the price offered, type and quality of facilities available among others. In relation to this, the following discussions identifies the services and facilities at BTR and provides the justifications for the reasons why the two (services and facilities) constitute to a luxurious resort experience. The BTR resorts around Asia offer a variety of facilities that enhance the experience of clients to a whole new level. First and Foremost, the resort’s units are mostly constructed on natural environments that involve making minor adjustments such as including a few added artificial features or removing a few natural features. This is, when the units are constructed, it involves removing a few of natural aspects that might not provide a comfortable experience and at the same time, add a few artificial aspects such as electricity lighting among others. This in addition with the use of local furnishings created from local materials constitutes to a natural, peaceful, relaxing and enjoyable experience. The location and construction of the resort units is usually one of the key contributing factors of a luxurious resort experience that most hotels in crowded and noisy cities are unable to provide. This feature is in line with the company’s vision and mission of providing c lients with an

Documentary about my grandfather's, Lawrence Weishuhn's contribution Research Paper

Documentary about my grandfather's, Lawrence Weishuhn's contribution to World War II - Research Paper Example The military personnel that participated in this war have received various acknowledgement and appreciation from the American people. Lawrence Weishnuhn fought in the Fifth army in the Allied forces during various campaigns. He received EAME (European-African-Middle Eastern) Campaign Medal, containing seven bronze stars, is a military decoration in the US armed forces (Pouge 12). It was created to acknowledge those in military service during the European Theatre in the WW II. He also received a distinguished Unit Badge. In addition, my grandfather earned himself a Good Conduct Medal. This paper will focus on discussing the various battles and wars that were fought by Lawrence Weishuhn. It will also demonstrate the strategies employed by the Allied forces which gave them victory over the Axis forces. The Balkan Campaign begun on October 1940 to June 1940 (McGowen 15). It was the invasion of Yugoslavia and Greece by the Axis forces. It was stated by the failed invasion of the Italian forces in Greece and ended following the capture of Crete by the Germans. The Italians attacked Greece from Albania. However, the Greece counter attack was so strong that the Italian forces returned to Albania. The effort by Italians to invade Greece was unsuccessful. Later on, Germans successfully invaded Greece after the capturing of Yugoslavia. The war ended with the unconditional surrender of the Yugoslavian army in 1941. Germany attack on Yugoslavia was due to the fear that the UK would launch a bomb on the Romanian oilfields which supplied Germany with oil. It also sought to restore the lost Axis Alliance prestige after the Italian Fascist has lost the battle in Greece. The German force launched various bombing attacks on Yugoslavia. On April 6th, Adolf Hitler, ordered the institution of Operation Punishment on the capital city of Yugoslavia (McGowen 45). During this attack, about 300 aircrafts, consisting mainly of Junkers Ju 87, along with a

Demand And Supply Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Demand And Supply - Case Study Example ld. (Harberger, AC) In an attempt to completely understand and describe the monopoly, causes, types and relevant issues, it becomes necessary to approach the subject from as a simplistic nature as possible, to stay aligned with the underlying microeconomic structure. Based on the fact that within the market place the root of everything comes down to supply and demand, this is altered by monopolistic practices and therefore society tends to disfavor monopolies as practicing on an unfair basis, and creating barriers of entry to firms wishing to enter the market for profit generation, as well as from the perspective of the consumer, being that the monopoly is unfairly regulating prices, by restricting output and therefore is extracting a price without allowing market forces to determine the correct supply and demand balance of the given commodity. Essentially when dealing with a monopoly consumers are at the mercy of the price determination of that monopoly, which they control via total output restriction and subsequent economic welfare reduction. The Existence of the Monopoly The monopoly comes about when there is little or no competition, normally the latter. The monopoly will always persist based on the barriers to entry for any rival company or concern attempting to enter the market place. Barriers to entry protect a monopoly and at times can even be state sponsored, via legal framework or even finance. The barriers to entry for rival firms include: Legal Barriers – these take the form of legal framework where a government will only allow a producer to supply a product, for example if one considers the first class mail deliver in the United States which USPS is the only allowed deliverer. Patents – similar to legal barriers due to the legal framework that will support a holder of a patent, although this issue is debatable around the cost of research and development in the patent creation process. A certain school of thought agreeing with the pate nt barrier, claims government encouraged innovation incentive, whilst others will claim consumer deprivation due to excessive price fixing. Examples would be the pharmaceutical companies that hold patents on medical drugs, Pfizer who manufactures Viagra – they are the patent holders and are therefore the only company entitled to produce and sell the drug. Control of strategic resources – this would entail a holder of mineral rights or mining rights of a commodity that must be present in order to produce the end product. An example is De Beers controlling 90% of the world’s diamond production (Wessels, W.J). Natural Barriers – also called economies of scale. This is related to the mere cost of establishment within a given industry. It is too expensive and capital intensive to enter the market on a profitable basis. An example of this would be the various utility companies in any given economy. One can safely deduce that monopolies will continue to exist, a s long as there are governments who sponsor such activity, as well as when companies are in the position to be able to create a barrier to entry, via

WEB based Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

WEB based - Essay Example This results in a program that is fast in its responses and free of errors. Also, a Unified modeling Language (UML) will be used to study use requirements in the system and identify possible cases for users at various levels. Use Case diagrams in UML will allow us to establish behavioral patterns for the users of the system in order to correctly asses and develop programming features necessary in an organized manner.   According  to the notes of Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich (2009) presented in association with their distinguished course in modern systems analysis, the definition for the waterfall model is a traditional model that works in many phases, and is often useful in the design of new software systems. In this model, the first phases begins upon the completion of the proceeding phase, with each phase following sequentially. These systems have either no instance or only isolated instances of backtracking and looping. This system provides both simplicity in management and ease of use for the end user, and so lends itself to goal development in each phase (Higgins 2009). The performance of the system will be evaluated in this section, including a detailed discussion of the operations necessary for the system to function. Functional requirements will necessitate the division of the system between two user types to be referred to as administrative users (Admin) and student users (students). Assessment of functional requirements will allow for the effective assessment of system requirements. Non-functional requirements enhance the understanding of unique and specified requirements of the system that are not related to system functionality, including the ease of use and specific hardware/software/upkeep necessary for the successful implementation of the project. According to the Inopedia hompage, the definition UML provides a nonproprietary standard of best-practices for engineers in software development. UML is a third

Insomnia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Insomnia - Essay Example All of these possible reasons could cause a person to be unable to fall asleep when they want to, or keep them from being able to stay at rest enough to eventually fall asleep. Insomnia however is a treatable condition; however one must be careful when trying to treat the condition. Different sleep medications are available to try to help people who are suffering from insomnia sleep, however taking the wrong amounts or not following the right instructions can lead to harmful side effects. Also, a person should know that they actually are suffering from insomnia that needs to be treated, and that it is not another condition that should be treated differently. Insomnia is a sleep disorder which keeps a person from being able to fall asleep, or to sleep when they want to. It can be caused by a myriad of other problems within a person’s life, such as â€Å"fear, stress, anxiety, medications, herbs, caffeine, depression or sometimes for no apparent reason†(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia#Treatment_for_insomnia). Sometimes, even an overactive mind or pain can lead a person to suffer at the hands of insomnia. The best way to cure and help treat a person’s insomnia is to first find the cause, and then try to solve that cause as best as one can. Insomnia can be divided into three different cases, all depending on how severe the actual type of insomnia the person is experiencing is. These three cases of insomnia are transient insomnia, acute insomnia, and chronic insomnia. The first type of insomnia, also know as transient insomnia, is the shortest and least server of the other insomnia forms. This type of insomnia usually â€Å"lasts from one night to a few weeks but it seems longer† ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia#Types_of_insomnia). A person may experience this type of insomnia due in part to anxiety, or possibly jet lag. If several cases of transient

Islamophobia and muslim women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Islamophobia and muslim women - Essay Example In the West it is perceived to a great extent that Islam and terrorism are interlinked. This has caused several of the Muslim students to fear or to be ashamed of disclosing the religion to which they belong. Many students explained that people regarded them as supporters of terrorism. Moreover, female students found it to be risky to disclose their religion. On declaring herself to be a Muslim, a female could be exposed to Islamophobic attacks in the Western nations (Brown 64). As such, in some of the nations of the West, the object of fear tend to be the Muslims. In this situation, Muslims who openly display their religion are more likely to be subjected to abuse. Thus, Muslim females who wear the headscarf could be targeted to a greater extent. This is due to the fact that their headscarf can be recognised instantly (Carland 473). In addition, it is generally believed that Muslim women are submissive, which renders them soft targets.

Cultural Diversity in India Essay Example for Free

Cultural Diversity in India Essay Cultural Diversity in India India has a history of thousands of years . People have been living in India since the Stone Age. People from different regions of the world came to India. They became one with the Indian culture . From this has evolved the composite Indian Culture. All of us living in different parts of the country are Indians. Though there is a variety in our languages, literature and art, as Indians, we all are one. It is this diversity which has created a sense of unity among the Indians. This diversity has enriched our social life. Indian Languages: Many languages are spoken in India. Hindi English are the two languages used in our country. Marathi is the state language of Maharashtra. Festival Celebrations: People such as Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Christians, Jains, and Parsis etc belonging to different live in India. Different festivals are celebrated in India with lots of joys happiness. Agriculture is the main occupation in our country . Many of our festivals are related to agriculture and environment. In Maharashtra, Dassera, Diwalil, Holi in Punjab Baisakhi, in Andhra Pradesh Eruvak Punnam, in Tamil nadu Pongal in Kerala Onam are celebrated. Ramzaam – Id, Christmas, Buddha Pornima, Samvatsari, and Pateti are also important festivals. What ever religious festival all Indians happily participate in it. They greet one another, It increase the feeling of unity among them. Costumes food: We find diversity in the clothing and food habits of Indians. Clothing depends upon the climate, physical feature traditions of the respective regions. There is diversity in our foods habits too, due to climatic conditions crops and other geographical factors. For e. g. he people of Punjab eat dal – roti whereas people living in the coastal areas eat rice and fish. Shelter : In respective of constructions of houses also there is diversity . In the rural areas, many houses have wattle and daub walls. Some houses have tiled roofs. In areas of heavy rainfall, the houses have slopping roofs . In the places with scanty rains have houses with terraced roofs . In big cities, multi – storey buildings are seen. Sports games: Ma ny kinds of games are played in India since ancient times. We play different games such as tip – cat, chess, wrestling, phugadi, malkhamb, lagori, kabadi kho-kho . Modern games are such as hockey and cricket are the two popular games played in India. Sports games have an important place in out life. They help values like co-operation solidarity Sport spirit it is more important than winning or losing. Art: Different arts such as dance, handicrafts, painting and sculpture have flourished in India. Since days of old , India had different styles of music. There are two main styles of Indian classical music. They are Hindustani music Carnatic music. There are many folk music played in India . In India, the tradition of dances is very ancients. We have different variety of folk dances some ancient times; various types of handicrafts have developed in India. Artistic vases baskets and other decorative articles are prepared. The art of painting sculpture has long tradition. It is originated from the Stone age period. For e. g. Ajanta Ellora caves Our country have rich historical heritage. Historical monuments are the wealth of our country. Very few countries in the world have such history and ancients culture.

Online learning versus traditional classroom learning

Online learning versus traditional classroom learning Distance learning is a set of technologies that provide students with the basic delivery of study material, interactive communication between students and teachers in learning process, providing students with the possibility of independent work on development of study material, as well as in the learning process. Now the term distance learning has become synonymous with e-learning or online learning, meaning, in fact, not only learning via the Internet. Prerequisite for the emergence and subsequent development of distance learning was the expansion of the Internet technologies usage in all spheres of life and activities, including in education. Study of Internet technologies and software for the Internet is an indispensable part of any high school (and sometimes school) program. Over time, the Internet has become not only an object of study, but also turned into an environment where you can enjoy full training applicants. According to The Differences Between Online and Traditional Classroom Educations (2010), modern computer telecommunications are able to provide knowledge transfer and access to a variety of educational information on a par, and sometimes much more effective than traditional teaching tools. Experiments have confirmed that the quality and structure of training courses, as well as the quality of teaching in distance education is often much better than traditional forms of education. New electronic technologies such as interactive CDs CD-ROM, electronic bulletin boards, multimedia hypertext, accessible via the Internet, can not only ensure the active involvement of students in the learning process, but also allow you to manage this process in contrast from most traditional learning environments. The integration of sound, movement, image and text creates a new unusually rich in its capabilities learning environment with the development of which will increase and the degree of students inv olvement in the learning process. Interactive features used in the LMS programs and delivery systems allow the information to adjust and even stimulate feedback, dialogue, and provide ongoing support, which is impossible in most traditional systems of education. According to E-learning vs Traditional Classroom Instruction (2010), distance learning allows solve several problems inherent in traditional teaching methods. Its main advantage is in solving the problem of access to education, which means general availability of educational resources regardless of geographic location. In addition to the advantages of geographical freedom in choosing the place of study, will solve the problem of availability, remote technology has many other virtues. Pedagogical features of this technology include mainly independent work student at a convenient time for him. Thus, self-management training schedule makes it attractive for busy people who wish to obtain a second degree, or improve their skills. It should be mentioned that the same advantage is also a trap for those who believe that by studying distantly, you can work on educational material occasionally, from time to time. Typically, learning is constructed in such a way: the student periodically receives from the teachers assignment for the review of the theoretical material, passing the final test, based on the theory and also, perhaps, practical tasks. If the assignments and tests will not be delivered on time, the next stage lessons will not be sent to student. Besides that there are a number of distance learning advantages among them: Flexible schedule for student, it can even change the student himself, combining education with work and other activities, saving time on the road to the school or university. Typically, students are given the opportunity to communicate with an individual teacher or the author of the curriculum. Illustrations, diagrams, charts, presentations, online tests to increase the visibility of information, making learning fun. Often the cost of Internet education is much lower compared to full-time. There is also a unique proposition. Thus, the Internet University of Computer Science gives everyone a free education (choice of courses is also quite broad more than 180). Many institutions that provide services to distance education, after school has issued the relevant document. According to Somer Flaherty (2010), distance education (as, perhaps, any other) have its disadvantages: The choice of specialties as long as enough is extensive most of them are related to computer technology or commerce. If you are more receptive to hearing information, distance learning, you may find it boring and difficult. If you cannot change live communication with the teacher and other students to correspond via email, online education is hardly suiting you. Due to the fact that distance education is gaining momentum, it is not always compete with the traditional. In the distance learning student only uses Internet technology in all types of training activities. A user to login, get access to learning materials (sometimes after the payment of course). Modern technologies allow place not only textual information but also pictures, video and audio. All of this is provided with convenient navigation system on sections of the course. There is typically in distance learning when student receives not only the layout of educational materials, and testing, but also communication with the teacher and other students. According to Somer Flaherty (2010), distance learning can be group or individual. There is not entirely correct view that distance learning students are not available techniques and teaching methods of group learning that, say, the students, being away from each other, cannot fully communicate and engage in collaborative work. In fact, modern system to the proposed number of communication: the same forums and chat rooms have become an integral part of the methodology. Another important point in the organization learning process is a way student and teacher communicating each other. Such interaction is organized synchronously or asynchronously. The first method provides for communication of students and teachers in real time. Basically, this uses the internal chat systems of distance learning. Sometimes, the system also contains tools for video conferencing. Asynchronous learning is carried out when the student and the teacher cannot communicate in real time, and then up to the organized, mainly through e-mail correspondence. It should be noted that teachers consultations (both synchronous and asynchronous) is a prerequisite of successful distance learning course, and without it learning will not be complete. In my opinion distance learning system give equal opportunities to pupils, students, civil and military professionals, the unemployed in all regions of the country and abroad to realize their human right to education and information. This system can be most adequately and flexibly respond to the needs of society and ensure the implementation of the constitutional right to education of every citizen. I am very sympathetic to the fact that in the heart of distance learning is the student. Considering my experience I can say that most information is remembered by a student with self-learning, independently. I strongly believe that distant learning is the future of education system.

General ethics in film making

General ethics in film making Introduction Should the moral and ethical guidelines of documentary and mockumentary filmmaking be strictly adhered to if they impede on the overall artistic vision and message of the film? For the bases of this thesis I have chosen to answer this question through a discussion of the ethics of cinema vrit and the documentary/mockumentary style genre. In particular, I have chosen to focus my study on one film of this style of filmmaking. The 2006 film Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan, often referred to simply as Borat! (Borat the character and Borat! the movie (hereafter Borat!), is a mockumentary comedy film directed by American filmmaker Larry Charles and distributed by 20th Century Fox. (1) It was written, produced by, and stars the English comedian Sacha Baron Cohen in the title role of a fictitious Kazakh journalist traveling through the United States, recording real-life interactions with Americans. The character of Borat himself is distingu ished by exaggeratedly strong misogyny, anti-Semitism and antiziganism (racism against Romani people or gypsies), which is depicted as, apparently, the norm in his homeland of Kazakhstan. The character of Borat was originally created by Sacha Baron Cohen. He was used as a character for Da Ali G Show, a related satirical TV series starring Baron Cohen and featuring amongst others the title character Ali G and Borat. The first series of Da Ali G Show originally aired on Channel 4 in the UK in 2000. In the series, Baron Cohen carries out ridiculous interviews with unsuspecting people (including celebrities and high- ranking officials). (2.) This film Borat!, is shot in mockumentary style using handheld and often hidden cameras. A mockumentary is essentially a mock documentary, a parody of the earnest nature of the documentary genre (3). As a medium, it is most successful when the traditional documentary structure is maintained or exaggerated. Mockumentary filmmaking is made under much of the same genre rules as that of Cinema Vrit. Interviews in a mockumentary are deliberately tiresome, with the interviewers reaction shots obviously edited at a later date for either comic effect (4). Often, even the shooting and editing of a mockumentary compared to a genuine documentary is different. The sincere documentarian, such as Werner Herzog in Grizzly Man (2005) will edit any embarrassing, non-plot relevant or self-indulgent interviews before the point that the audience will laugh at the character. Grizzly Man documents Timothy Treadwells infantile affection for bears, his anger at society, his raging narcissism, his paranoia and finally the tragic deaths of Treadwell and his girlfriend (still .01) in October 2003. (.5) (still .01) Outtakes from Timothy Treadwells original video footage were later screened for the first time as part of the exclusive companion film. In order to put Treadwells experience into context.(6.) Whereas, the mockumentary filmmaker will intentionally leave these embarrassing edits in the finished film for comic effect. In doing so, the moral and ethical dilemmas faced by professional documentarians are, for the purpose of the film, overlooked so as to get the best result, joke, outrageous comment, or sound bite in most cases. An example of this is Michael Moores Roger and Me (1989) when Bob Eubank (still .02) host of US game-show The Newlywed Game is shown telling an off-color joke: Why do Jewish women never get AIDS? They only marry a**holes, they dont screw em. Eubanks claims that he only told the joke because he thought the camera was off. (7.) (still .02) Borat is part of a cinematic tradition of using mockery to diminish the power of political, social and cultural oppressors.(8.) This is done by exposing the absurdity of their control, much like past great films such as Charlie Chaplins The Dictator (1940) and Stanley Kubricks Dr.Strangelove (1964 ) Within the first chapter of this thesis, I define and address the core elements of cinema vrit and compare and contrast it to that of Direct Cinema and sincere documentary filmmaking. The moral code of ethics that filmmakers use as guidelines when first approaching the public as subjects for their films will also be addressed. For the basis of my second and third chapters, I take the case study of Borat! and form an argument around the mockumentary genre in relation to ethical dilemmas. In Chapter Two, I addres s the ethical oversights on the part of the filmmakers and the careless treatment of their subjects. I isolate and identify scenes and cases within the Borat! film as examples of how the filmmakers fail to respect the moral and ethical guidelines that inform other documentaries. By relating film practice to this established codes of ethics I show how the filmmakers jeopardized the rights of the people used in the film, such as the fraternity brothers and the residents of the village of Glod. I show one side of the argument in the second chapter. This argument explains with the use of examples, how the filmmaker has taken advantage of the subjects or in some cases used their likeness without proper informed consent(9.) in order to stay true to the artistic vision of the film. I look to detail the actions of both the subject and the filmmakers as well as the anatomy of the scene and the level of interaction and knowledge that the filmmakers offered the subject before participating in the project, if any. I also address the resulting effect on the subject. In doing so, I show that the filmmakers artistic vision and message, no matter how great or relevant, can have a long lasting negative effect on the subjects and participants of the film when they are duped into being pawns and unsuspecting foils to the main comedic actor playing a part with a hidden camera. The third chapter of the thesis, however, I show how the artistic vision was sincere and that the right to public freedom of speech was fairly used for the greater message and intent of the film. My goal is ultimately to present both sides of the same argument and through doing so, construct a complete and informed judgment on the moral and social goals of the film, as a satire, which I will present in my conclusion. This will prove that the actions of the filmmakers, although morally unethical, were still legal and artistically relevant. Borat! aims to set an important precedent that the artistic vision and the use of comedy or social satire are crucial to the success of the mockumentary genre of filmmaking. In the context of Borat! I choose specific examples, to address the intention behind the filmmakers conduct towards their subjects. Chapter One The Theory Of General Ethics Relating To cinema vrit And Direct Cinema In Modern Film Making. In this chapter I define the theory of ethics in relation to professional and employee ethics, in the relevant context of filmmaking. Because this thesis is about mockumentary filmmaking it will first help to establish the ethical foundations for the circles of filmmakers and other professionals working in this genre. When dealing with the subject genre of documentary and/or mockumentary filmmaking, it is first crucial is define a difference between the two. The word documentary was coined by Scottish documentarian John Grierson (10.) Griersons principles of documentary were that cinemas potential for observing life could be exploited in a new art form and that the original actor or subject and original scene are better guides than their fiction counterparts to interpreting the modern world. A mockumentary is essentially a parody of the documentary nature of filmmaking and is successful when the structure of a traditional documentary is exaggerated. These films are not unlike the cinema vrit filmmaking style, was most prolific in 1960/70s French filmmaking and/or Direct Cinema films. Although the terms are often used interchangeably, cinema vrit and Direct Cinema are two distinct documentary film sub-genres. Direct Cinema rose from the French film movement of the 1960s that strove for candid realism by showing people in everyday situations with authentic dialogue (11.) Influenced by documentary filmmaking and Italian Neorealism, the method produced examples such as Jean Rouchs Chronicle of a Summer (1961) (12.) and Chris Markers Joli Mai (1962). (13.) A similar movement in the U.S, captured the reality of a person or an event by using a handheld camera to record action without narration, as in Frederick Wisemans Titicut Follies (1967) (14.) and the Maysles brothers Salesman (1969) (still .03)(15.) (still .03) There are subtle yet important differences among the terms Direct Cinema and cinema vrit. Direct Cinema is largely concerned with the recording of events in which the subject and audience become unaware of the cameras presence. Direct Cinema is essentially what is now called a fly on the wall documentary. Originating in the late 1950s, Direct Cinema was made possible by the advent of lighter, more portable cameras, which could be hand-held and operated with a very small crew.(16.) This lean shooting style allowed filmmakers to change locations and camera angles easily and spontaneously, which resulted in a degree of intimacy never before seen on screen to date. The Direct Cinema filmmakers role involves not attempting to change the outcome of the events. He or she is filming in an observational context and ideally should not use the film to advance any type of political or social agenda. Direct Cinema filmmakers are generally interested in accurate reporting, regardless of the outcome. Cinma vrit, which means Truthful Cinema, combines naturalistic techniques with stylized editing and camerawork. Scenes are sometimes staged and the camera is used to provoke subjects. (17.) It is also known for taking a provocative stance toward its topics. 13 Cinema vrit filmmakers, while still interested in the recording of true events, typically have an agenda in their work, which sets them apart from Direct Cinema. Michael Moores documentaries Roger and Me (1989) (still .05) and Bowling For Columbine (2002) are examples of modern cinema vrit. (still .04) (still .05) In recent years, these types of movies have often featured the filmmaker himself, as in the case of Borat! (still .04), taking part in the action onscreen. Cinma vrit involves stylized set-ups and interactions between the filmmakers and their subjects, even to the point of provocation, which in the case of Borat! will become apparent. The presence of the filmmaker and camera is used as a tool in a way to reveal the truth from the subject. The camera is obviously apparent and always acknowledged. It performs the raw act of filming real people and events in a confrontational and sometimes absurd way. This raises interesting questions about the illusion of cinema, while faced with these styles of filmmaking, the audience is forced to confront the paradox of the truth claim in documentary cinema by mixing direct documentation 14 (fact direct cinema) and reenactment with characters playing themselves (fiction cinema vrit) in order to suggest that perhaps they are one in the same. The cinema vrit filmmaker acts as the catalyst of the situation. A much discussed example of cinema vrit would be the film that will become the topic of discussion throughout the course of this thesis Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan (2006) directed by Larry Charles and starring Sacha Baron Cohen. It is hardly surprising that documentary and mockumentary films present ethical problems, in relation to the royalty to the original artistic concept and vision of the filmmakers, to the audience as a willing participant and, of course, the filmed subject as the focus basis of the film. In order to regulate all parties, production companies operate from a code of ethics rather then a strict legal binding. Ethics are important, because they give people a shared basis of understanding in rela tion to the concepts of right and wrong. When the public is involved, it helps the filmmakers to have a ready understanding of how to react to a certain situation if some dilemma should arise. A Code Of Ethics is essentially a set of guidelines that are designed to set out acceptable behaviours for members of a particular group, in this case filmmakers. Generally, production companies and film crews govern themselves with a code of ethics, especially when they handle sensitive issues like likeness rights, taking the subjects life situation into the equation and interactions with other cultures. In addition to setting a professional standard, a code of ethics can also increase confidence in an organization by showing outsiders that, members of the organization are committed to following basic ethical guidelines in the course of doing their work.(18.) 15 The Code primarily consists of four overall ethical principles, Respect, Competence, Responsibility and Integrity. In relation to the respect for the rights and dignity of the person, this principle requires of filmmakers treat their clients as persons of intrinsic worth with a right to determine their own priorities, that they respect clients dignity and give due regard to their moral and cultural values(19.) Film makers should take care not to intrude inappropriately on clients privacy and as far as possible, they shall ensure that clients understand and consent to whatever professional action they propose. The second point is that of competence. Filmmakers must constantly maintain and update their professional skills and ethical awareness.(20.) They should recognize that the knowledge of their own expertise and capacity for work are limited, and take care not to exceed the limits. The third point is responsibility. In their professional activities, filmmakers are required to act i n a trustworthy, reputable and accountable manner towards clients (subjects) and the community. They shall avoid doing harm to clients and research participants, and act to prevent harm caused by others. (21.) They should act positively to resolve ethical dilemmas and they should also ensure that those whom they supervise act ethically. Finally the fourth point is integrity. Filmmakers are obliged to be honest and accurate about their intentions, the effectiveness of the services that they offer, and their research findings. They are expected to treat their subjects in a fair, open and straightforward manner, honour professional commitments, and act to clarify any confusion about the subjects role or responsibilities. Where possible, they shall avoid the use of deception with research participants. They shall not use the professional relationship to exploit clients, sexually or otherwise, and they shall deal 16 actively with conflicts of interest. They shall take action against harmful or unethical behaviour in colleagues or members of other professions.(22.) When considering the production of either a Cinema Vrit or Direct Cinema film, it is important to weight in the moral and ethical dilemmas that the filmmakers must deal with in relation to the subjects of the proposed film. Whereas the Code Of Ethics serves to provide civic guidelines, the consent form acts as the legally binding part of the agreement. A consent form is A document explaining all relevant study information to assist the study volunteer (subject) in understanding the expectations and requirements of participation in a (filming) clinical trial. This document is presented to and signed by the study subject. (23.) A consent form is only relevant when signed under informed consent by the subject. Informed Consent is typically a medico-legal term when referring to medical practice, it is a form signed by the patient (or in th is case: subject) for the benefit of the surgeon (filmmaker) to perform treatment (filming). By signing a consent agreement to filming, the subject is stating that he or she is fully aware of his or her condition and understand the reasons why filmmaking is taking place and that he or she has agreed to that being carried out. The opposite of informed consent is informed refusal, in which like the consent acceptance, the subject in this case may also choose to refuse. Another aspect of the ethical guidebook be to considered with in the role of cinema vrit or Direct Cinema filmmaking is the maxim known as The Golden Rule or Ethic Of Reciprocity that essentially states that One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself (24.) OR one should not treat others in ways that one would not like to be treated (negative form which is also called The Silver Rule.) 17 The Golden Rule is arguably the most essential basis for the modern concept of human rights, in which each individual has a right to just treatment, and a reciprocal responsibility to ensure justice for others. A key element of the Golden Rule in relation to documentary filmmaking is that the filmmaker, while attempting to film ethically treats their subjects with consideration, not just members of their crew. The Golden Rule is a moral and ethical guide; it is important to note that it is not strict legal merit. An objection to the Golden Rule is highlighted by Paul Treanor on his website, as he implies That I should transfer my perspective to the person affected, the one standing in front of me who will be affected by my action. But behind them may be another, who is affected by the person standing in front of me. (25.) These points have been highlighted in this chapter to give a wider insight into the ethical minefield that is taken on when entering into any practice with others f rom a professional and personal standpoint. As previously stated, these ethical codes have no legal bearing, but are relevant to all filmmakers when they engage with social actors for the purpose of making a cinema vrit or Direct Cinema film. It is the responsibility of all involved in the project to present a truthful and sincere front from the start. In the case of Borat!, the disagreements before and after filming from unwilling participants will highlight the misuse of these ethical codes and the results, both positive and negative. Chapter Two Subject Vs Artistic Vision The Ethical Responsibilities Of Borat! In Relation To Acquiring Consent From The Subject Within the context of mockumentary filmmaking, much like that of sincere documentaranians, the public are treated as social actors rather then fiction film performers. These subjects remain culturally relevent players. Their value as players resides not in the way they play a part but in a way their everyday behavior serves the needs of the filmmaker. But the question of garnering consent whether it be informed consent or consent defence, is an ethical maelstrom and this point is proven by the film Borat!. A film which managed simultaneously to offend Kazakhs, frighten Jewish Anti-Defamation Groups, annoy hypocritically thin-skinned Americans and spark off wide debate about its meaning and interpretation. Each filmmaker, production company and subject relationship works according to personal guidelines established either face-to-face or pre-organised and with mutual consent from each party. Precedents of ethical guidelines can only work to persuade the actions, so that each party is fully informed of the subject matter, representation and potential response of the subjects actions within the documentary which is done by acquiring informed consent. In the case of Borat! a variety of SLAPP cases have been brought against the filmmakers. The term Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation, known by the acronym SLAPP applies to a variety of different types of lawsuits, including those claiming libel, defamation, business interference, or conspiracy.(26.) Within the context of the film, the titular character Borat Sagdiyev is said to be from Kazakhstan. The Kazakhstan used in the film is a heavily fictionalized and satirized depiction of the former Soviet state. However, as it states in the (SLAPP) Defendants special motion to strike complaint record. Alarmed by the reportage of its fictitious reporter, the government of Kazakhstan launched a massive public relations an d diplomatic offensive, emphasizing its commitment to human rights and gender and 20 equality (27.) going so far as to release a four-page advertisement within the pages of The New York Times and to set-up presidential visits to the White House and 10 Downing Street. (still .06) Upon the release of the film the foreign ministry spokesman, Yerzhan Ashykbayev, told a news conference We view Mr. Cohens behaviour as utterly unacceptable, being a concoction of bad taste and ill manners which is completely incompatible with the ethics and civilized behavior of Kazakhstan people. (28.) Shortly before the release of the film too, the right to use the domain name www.borat.kz was suspended, and the site attached was closed down due to the site being hosted outside Kazakhstan and hosting false names.(29.) Kazakhstan was never actually filmed for the purpose of Borat! but rather used solely in namesake. Nicolae Todorache and Spiridom Ciorebea, residents of Glod, Romania, the village actually used to depict the satirized Kazakhstan (still .06), sued the filmmakers for 21 $30 million claiming they were misled into thinking they were participating in a documentary about the villages poverty and the rich heritage and belief system upheld by the inhabitants. Alan Rosenthal author of New Challenges In Documentary (1988) writes Consent is flawed when obtained by the omission of any fact that might influence the giving or withholding of permission. (30.) However, it is important to also state that the subject must not have been put under any pressure (coercion) to sway their decision, and that they reached a decision based on their full comprehension of the situation. So provided that those being filmed give their consent, where is the unethical behaviour? The morality lies in how the subjects are represented. The villagers in the town of Glod feel they were specifically targeted and portrayed in a negative manner and the lawsuit was filed on behalf of their entire village and Mr. Todorache, a one-armed man, who was seen wearing a sex toy attached to his st ump at the filmmakers request.(31.) The method of obtaining consent is stacked in the filmmakers favour. Rosenthal adds The ethical problem raised by such approaches is that they give the potential subject no real choice; the initiative and momentum of the situation favour the filmmaker. The presence of the film crew with official sanction is subtly coercive(32.). The film crew and equipment are all intimidating to be faced with for the person who has approached for the comment. The notion of consent defence, is another popular argument raised by Brian Winston in Lies, Damn Lies And Documentaries. He states, any measure of dubious or even unethical behaviour is justified after the event by the existence of the contract signed by the participant, the release form (33.). These agreements are in defiance of those who take the BSC Codes view (The BSC Code helps by providing a 22 framework of guidance into which, particular needs can be fitted,(34.) The guidance is for the general use of the professional consent defence for people (except minors or the mentally incapacitated) do know what they are doing. Coercion outside the law has expanded its meaning to embrace the idea of compulsion without physical treat. Often the consent defiance could be defended where the subject was uncomplaining or even benefited from their experience. But as Richard Andrew Hall states Did Baron Cohen really have to cross the pond to find such disturbing stereotypes?(35.) Surely, it would not be hard for him to find typical examples of racism in any other major ethnicly shared cities anywhere else in the world. So too, the film depiction of its anti-Semitism has also come into great debate amongst critics, audiences, the media and especially the Anti-Defamation League of America (ADL). The Anti-Defamation League, founded in 1913, is the worlds leading organization fighting anti-Sem itism through programs and services that counteract hatred, prejudice and bigotry towards Jewish people (36.). In one particular scene from Borat!, we see the titular character at a rodeo in Texas, performing a song directed towards Jewish people entitled In my country there is a problem that called on people to throw the Jew down the well, warning the public you must be careful of his teeth and that you must grab him by his horns to the delight of some members of the audience (still .07). 23 (still .07) While the ADL openly acknowledges that the film is a satirized and farcical characterization, they do state in a formal letter of warning to the filmmakers We are concerned that one serious pitfall is that the audience may not always be sophisticated enough to get the joke, and that some may even find it reinforcing their bigotry. (37.) Richard Andrew Hall states Baron Cohen heavily concentrated on the genuinely powerful, whether celebrities or those with money and power, but in Borat! he clearly started sliding towards pulling the piss out of more average citizens. Perhaps this is where he crossed the line. (38.) In 2005, a lawsuit was filed against the makers of the film and 20th Century Fox on behalf of two unsuspecting fraternity boys who claim they were duped into appearing in the spoof documentary. (39.) They were identified in the movie as fraternity members from a South Carolina University, and appeared drunk as they made insulting comments about women and minori ties to Cohens character. 24 The SLAPP lawsuit claims that in October 2005, a production crew took the students to a bar to drink and loosen up before participating in what they were told would be a documentary to be shown outside the United States. They were induced to agree to participate and were told the name of the fraternity and the name of their school wouldnt be used. After a bout of heavy drinking, the plaintiffs signed a release form they were told had something to do with reliability issues with being in the RV, their lawyer Oliver Taillieu states. (40.) The film made plaintiffs the object of ridicule, humiliation, mental anguish and emotional and physical distress, loss of reputation, goodwill and standing in the community. (41.) Although legally the participants have agreed to signing the consent, under the plaintiffs testimonies, it would appear that the filmmakers had intentionally duped the college students into appearing in the film with full, informed consent and it is impossible to defend the subject matter and opinions that the subjects raised while drunk, however, the filmmakers should be held accountable for putting the fraturnity boys in that situation and for provoking the racist and sexist responses they got. The filmmakers had knowingly overlooked the ramifications of the subjects actions on their lives after the films release and are guilty of negligent infliction of emotional distress. If the participant is fully aware of possible consequences and sees co-operation as a coherent political strategy, then the burden of the ethical dilemma has been lifted from the film-maker by the participant for his or her own ideological reasons. (42.) The Polish author of the blog Beatroot captured this well in a post on the Movania guidebook entitled Why is it that the only people liberals think its OK to laugh at these days are the white working class and Central and Eastern Europeans?(43.) In 25 the article he comments If this (sort of book) had been written about African people then, quite rightly, there would have been uproar and outrage. (44.) But it seems that Political Correctness extends to all groups these days except poor whites from urban, rural or semi-rural areas in America and Europe As Andrew Mueller notes in his review of the movie for Uncut MagazineWhat astonishes me about every Amercian he encounters is not their naivete, but their politeness, hospitality and the extraordinary degree to which Borat has to inflame situations to provoke reaction.(45.) Cynically, the consent form is simply a safeguard device or get-out-of-jail-free card, wheeled out by the filmmakers, against future lawsuits and liability. Production companies will claim that they ensure the participant is not being misled or manipulated by the filmmakers. Many times the consent form is a bureaucratic, legalistic detail, intent on absolving the production companies of responsibility. There to d issipate any whiff of coersion, it should not be used as a licence to knowingly take advantage of the everyday person. To weigh the ethical ramifications on a piece of paper is morally and ethically wrong.But they are also there to defend the filmmakers against the actions and reactions of the subjects and are predominantly responsible for some filmmakers avoiding litigation. The vast effects that the documentary could have on the lives of the subjects should be taken into account and not just betted against the contract. At the end of the film, it seems that in the case of Borat! that the usual disclaimer included at the end of the films credits states that before being considered for appearance in the film, all potential participants were required to sign long release forms, agreeing not to take legal action for any defamation of character or fraud 26 carried out during the films production. It states that all characters were fictitious, and also noted that no real person depicted or appearing in the film has sponsored or otherwise endorsed its contents. Before and following the universal release of the film in 2006, seven lawsuits had been filed against the production company, Baron Cohen and filmmakers for amongst others fraud, rescission of contract, common law false light invasion of privacy, statutory false light, appropriation of likeness and negligent infliction of emotional distress.(46.) 27 Chapter Three The Artistic Vision Vs The Subject In Reference to Borat! and The Use Of Humour to Expose Social Stereotypes and Bigotries. 28 As previously discussed in Chapter One, the Code Of Ethics acts as an ethical guideline for filmmakers, when it comes to such issues as garnering ethical consent or the valid use of likeness rights from a subject and the use of the public for the proposed project in a fair and informed manner. In this chapter I explore and reveal examples within the context of the film Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan (hereafter Borat!) of intentionally overlooking these so-called guidelines for the sake of making a work with the artistic vision and integrity solely taking the forefront of the creative process. Despite a limited initial release in the United States, the satire was a critical and commercial success. Baron Cohen won the 2007 Golden Globe Award for Best Actor: Musical or Comedy, as Borat, while the film was nominated for Best Motion Picture in the same category. Borat! was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 79th Academy A wards. On its release, Borat! boasted the highest-grossing opening ever for a picture playing at less than 1,100 theaters.(47.) Firstly, it is important to realize that there is public global interest in speech and opinions (such as the afore mentioned examples, previously discussed in Chapter Two) about American cultural values and attitudes towards anti-semitism, racism and sexism. Borat! as being part of a tradition of exposing and critiquing these American bigotries through the use of humour, seeks to expose these attitudes in their most debased forms and present them to the world an

Good Food Industry :: essays research papers

GOOD FOODS INCORPORATED   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good Food, Incorporated (GFI) is a company founded on the belief that children can grow up healthier and live longer if they are fed a natural, nutritionally balanced diet starting earlier in life. GFI’s goal is to increase awareness of this link between diet and health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good Food Industry was a start up business with three principals presently involved in its development. GFI’s principals have researched and developed a line of unique children’s food products based on the holistic health concept. The holistic concept, which health food consumer determined was widely accepted among adult consumers of health foods, was new to child-care field. Hence GFI planned to take advantage of the opportunities for market development and penetration that its principals were confident exists. GFI also believed that the existing baby-food industry paid only cursory attention to providing high quality, nutrition products, and that the limited number of truly healthy and nutritious baby foods created a market void that GFI could successfully fill.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Market Research During its market research phase, GFI engaged â€Å"Vick Product Sales Research Corporation† as its marketing and advertising consulting company. Vick prepared reports on industry trends for the traditional children’s food industry and healthy food industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vick’s market research showed that the United States was entering a â€Å"mini baby boom† that would increase the potential market base for its products. Health food products would approach the market place primarily through the health food stores and nature food centres in major supermarket chain stores, initially in the northwest and California. Acceptance of the GFI concept in these areas would enable The Company to expand to a national market. Market Definition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  GFI planned to direct its efforts to the sale of its health care products through the health food retail outlets and natural food centres located within major supermarkets. Geographically, the company would initially direct its efforts in two key areas: Northeast, especially around New York City: and particularly in the Reno, Nevada and Sacramento, California area. Both areas had a high concentration of adult health food consumers who GFI had found, through market research and analysis, to be most receptive to health concepts for children. According to this market research the specific target markets that GFI would approach through these outlets were: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parents who were concerned about their health and their children’s health and who thus demand higher quality and more nutritionally lanced foods and products. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Operators of child-care centres who provide meals to children. Good Food Industry :: essays research papers GOOD FOODS INCORPORATED   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good Food, Incorporated (GFI) is a company founded on the belief that children can grow up healthier and live longer if they are fed a natural, nutritionally balanced diet starting earlier in life. GFI’s goal is to increase awareness of this link between diet and health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good Food Industry was a start up business with three principals presently involved in its development. GFI’s principals have researched and developed a line of unique children’s food products based on the holistic health concept. The holistic concept, which health food consumer determined was widely accepted among adult consumers of health foods, was new to child-care field. Hence GFI planned to take advantage of the opportunities for market development and penetration that its principals were confident exists. GFI also believed that the existing baby-food industry paid only cursory attention to providing high quality, nutrition products, and that the limited number of truly healthy and nutritious baby foods created a market void that GFI could successfully fill.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Market Research During its market research phase, GFI engaged â€Å"Vick Product Sales Research Corporation† as its marketing and advertising consulting company. Vick prepared reports on industry trends for the traditional children’s food industry and healthy food industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vick’s market research showed that the United States was entering a â€Å"mini baby boom† that would increase the potential market base for its products. Health food products would approach the market place primarily through the health food stores and nature food centres in major supermarket chain stores, initially in the northwest and California. Acceptance of the GFI concept in these areas would enable The Company to expand to a national market. Market Definition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  GFI planned to direct its efforts to the sale of its health care products through the health food retail outlets and natural food centres located within major supermarkets. Geographically, the company would initially direct its efforts in two key areas: Northeast, especially around New York City: and particularly in the Reno, Nevada and Sacramento, California area. Both areas had a high concentration of adult health food consumers who GFI had found, through market research and analysis, to be most receptive to health concepts for children. According to this market research the specific target markets that GFI would approach through these outlets were: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parents who were concerned about their health and their children’s health and who thus demand higher quality and more nutritionally lanced foods and products. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Operators of child-care centres who provide meals to children.

Film Analysis of Jaws by Steven Spielberg Essay examples -- Movie Film

Film Analysis of Jaws by Steven Spielberg The film Jaws was directed by Steven Spielberg from the best selling novel by Peter Benchley. The film was set in Massachusetts resort town of Amity Island in the height of the beach season. When the resort was terrorized one summer by surprise attacks from a great white shark. John Williams created the score to Jaws, which has since become a well-known theme to in depending doom. The film is generally considered one of the scariest movies ever made. It was also set on the 4th of July, Independence Day. Because on this day loads of people are out and go down to the beach to have beach parties which sets the scene from being near and in the sea. As the film starts the music begins to play very quietly and slowly begins to build, which starts to create tension. Then the camera shows the point of view of the shark moving through the weeds making the audience know that something is present in the water building fear. As this happens the music builds up, gets louder and faster making you think something is going to happen building more tension and fear of the unknown. Then it goes to the main opening seen which starts with the sound of a mouth organ being played on the beach. This brings it back to being a safe and un-feared environment taken the shark off the audience’s mind. We also see a large bonfire on the beach which makes the audience think that it is a warm calm (non-threatening) environment. Then the camera pulls back and shows a wide shot of the sea this is a reminder that the shark is still close which creates some tension. There are people on the beach and we see a girl and boy ... ...rody if he keeps missing. Then at the last second Brody shoots hits the canasta in the shark’s mouth and it blows up killing the great white. This relieves the tension that has been building up making the audience give a sigh of relief. And the film finishes with a happy ending as Brody and the ocean biologist swimming into shore. I think the scariest moment of the film was when the shark was in the pond heading towards Brody’s son Michael. Because throughout the film the audience have got to know the family and when the shark was heading towards Michael a lot more tension. Fear and empathy was created because the audience are afraid of what the shark will do to him. Because at this point you have seen what damage it can do which makes the audience a lot more afraid of the shark and a lot more afraid for Michael. Film Analysis of Jaws by Steven Spielberg Essay examples -- Movie Film Film Analysis of Jaws by Steven Spielberg The film Jaws was directed by Steven Spielberg from the best selling novel by Peter Benchley. The film was set in Massachusetts resort town of Amity Island in the height of the beach season. When the resort was terrorized one summer by surprise attacks from a great white shark. John Williams created the score to Jaws, which has since become a well-known theme to in depending doom. The film is generally considered one of the scariest movies ever made. It was also set on the 4th of July, Independence Day. Because on this day loads of people are out and go down to the beach to have beach parties which sets the scene from being near and in the sea. As the film starts the music begins to play very quietly and slowly begins to build, which starts to create tension. Then the camera shows the point of view of the shark moving through the weeds making the audience know that something is present in the water building fear. As this happens the music builds up, gets louder and faster making you think something is going to happen building more tension and fear of the unknown. Then it goes to the main opening seen which starts with the sound of a mouth organ being played on the beach. This brings it back to being a safe and un-feared environment taken the shark off the audience’s mind. We also see a large bonfire on the beach which makes the audience think that it is a warm calm (non-threatening) environment. Then the camera pulls back and shows a wide shot of the sea this is a reminder that the shark is still close which creates some tension. There are people on the beach and we see a girl and boy ... ...rody if he keeps missing. Then at the last second Brody shoots hits the canasta in the shark’s mouth and it blows up killing the great white. This relieves the tension that has been building up making the audience give a sigh of relief. And the film finishes with a happy ending as Brody and the ocean biologist swimming into shore. I think the scariest moment of the film was when the shark was in the pond heading towards Brody’s son Michael. Because throughout the film the audience have got to know the family and when the shark was heading towards Michael a lot more tension. Fear and empathy was created because the audience are afraid of what the shark will do to him. Because at this point you have seen what damage it can do which makes the audience a lot more afraid of the shark and a lot more afraid for Michael.

Religions Matrix

He set off to find Supreme Enlightenment. Shamanic Buddha who taught the Four Nobles and the Eightfold Path for liberation from suffering. I Confucius who taught Confucianism. Family name was Kong, he was honored as Kong fuzz. I The origin of Taoism is thought to be the way of the Yellow Emperor. The texts used are thought to have been written by Laszlo. Gazing who left government position to pursue freedom and solitude. I Central beliefs I The central belief of Hinduism Is karma, which Is If you do good, good things will come to oh, If you do bad things, bad things will happen.The ultimate goal is to achieve mimosa or liberation from the cycle of reincarnation through realization of the immortal Absolute. I Seek eternal rather than temporal pleasure. Tetrahedral is self- discipline and self-control but has not ties to deities. To seek Supreme Enlightenment through the Eightfold Path and be strive for liberation from suffering. Be non-violent, non-confronting, trained mind, and peace will follow through meditation. I Focuses on ways of developing a Just and orderly society.Confucius believed Jean could save society through innate goodness, love, benevolence, perfect virtue, humaneness, and human-heartiness. I The world is naturally in harmony; Dad is our natural state. The idea of Dad which is unnamable. It is a mystical reality that cannot be grasped by the mind. Experience the unity of all things, cease to feel personal preferences, and take no Intentional or evasive action towards the flow of things. I Nature of God I Hindus have many deletes, the three major groupings are: Stats, Salves, and Vaccinates. I The belief is that the world has always been.There is no supreme deity. Enlightenment comes within oneself. I Do not acknowledge any deity. I They believe in Shanghai, the Lord on High, ruler of the universe, the supreme ancestor of the Chinese. He is not acted though as a Creator or God. I Texts I Veda, the oldest Vided scriptures is Rig Veda. Tantrums wh ich teach how to worship the feminine divine. I Butterball which was composed In the first century. Mahayana texts, the Lotus Sutra described Babyhood and how to achieve It. I Confucian Classics which was later replaced with Mao Sedona.The Confucian Classics were known as the Five Classics and Four Books during the Song Dynasty. I Diode Jinn I Ritual and practice(sacred elements & their meaning) I There are 16 rites prescribed in the scriptures to purify and sanctify in their life cycle: Pupas- which Is public worship to allow the sacred presence to be made tangible through devotions employing all tenet senses, ritual Tire ceremonies winner offerings are mace to the deities in exchange they will be rewarded, and death ceremonies also by fire which is designed to cleanse the body after death and release the soul to the spiritual realm.Fasting and prayer is observed during lunar and solar cycles or times during dangers. I Healing rituals which invoked the power of Buddha and dharma to ward off evil spirits and cure afflicted people. Yoga is practiced clear and train mind. Titanic practices by teachers to help those achieve to higher learning of Buddhism, the highest of them are lamas. Deity yoga to meditate to embody the various qualities that the practitioner wishes to manifest. I They include the Four Life Passages: birth, death, reaching maturity, and death.I Fen Shut-involves the study and harmonious placement of graves, temples, and even furniture. They communicate with spirits through sacrifice and ceremonies. Priests speak to the spirits with kind words to please them so they will do no harm. By singing and dancing they are begging the spirits to descend. I Ethics and morality I Karma is the ethnically strong teaching that there are consequences for all you do whether good or evil. Moral and ethically principles are truth, non-violence, non-stealing, intestine, non-covetousness, cleanliness, contentment, burning zeal, self-study, and devotion to God.I The y refrain from violent, harmful speech, and doing things harmful to their bodies or doing harm to their environment. Ethics include being unselfish and seeking enlightenment with meditation. It is believe anyone can seek enlightenment. I One is concerned with self-improvement rather than public recognition, mindful of parents, speaks cautiously but acts quickly, and regards human nature as basically good. I Does not set a standard of morality and goes without labeling things â€Å"good or evil†. I

Contractors in the Military Essay

Going back in time to the Civil War, private contractors can be found, providing support, logistics, and supplies to the military forces. If you think about today’s military bases and approaching the front gate that do you see? Well the first person you see is a private security guard standing there waiting to welcome you to fort whatever. Why don’t you see a Military Police Officer standing there? Simple question right, well it isn’t because the Military is going more and more towards a civilian work force. What does going to basically civilian work force do for those men and women that serve in the United States Military today? Is the government really making the right choice by continuing to use private contractors back home and abroad in war zones today? That is where this paper is going to search out the causes and effects of the use of private contractors or civilian work force in today’s Military. Today’s Military bases are flooded with civil ian workforce working for the government as private contractors. The Government today is looking for anyway to cut Military budget and save money. But is using the civilian workforce saving money? Well let’s talk about those security guards at the front gate, let’s say the guard is between a GS 1-3 the average salary for them are seventeen thousand to twenty eight thousand a year. Now look at an Army Military Police Officer e-1 through e-3 which is equivalent to the GS 1-3 the salary for that e-1 through e-3 is between seventeen thousand to twenty thousand dollars a year. So from that little comparison using a private workforce really isn’t saving anyone any money. Let me remind you that doesn’t include years in service. Because more time in the GS ranks you make more money faster. But for that enlisted soldier his money caps after so many years. But everywhere you go you see more and more civilian workforce so there must be a positive side to having civilians work alongside with the Military agencies. Having private contractors work alongside with the Military can take some stress off of units that are deployed down range in combat zones. Those units can focus on their missions at hand and can rely on logistical support and personnel support from basically private security forces downrange. â€Å"For the State Department, armed contractors likewise perform a variety of security tasks†(Isenberg 2009). In comparison to past conflicts the United States was involved in like Gulf War one in which the ratio was one contractor to fifty eight service men. Now let’s jump to the Bosnia conflict where the ration jumped to one to fifth teen. Then you look at Iraq War which the ratio dropped to one to six. So the use of the contractor is becoming more evident in armed conflict zones. So many jobs that the Military gives to the private sector are specific jobs or a â€Å"valuable skill† that is a specific task. So by giving those specific jobs to contractors in war zones al lows the military to provide sustainment abilities on forward bases. â€Å"Then you have to look at the bad side of those private contractors, with the likes of Black Water, and Triple Canopy†(Cotton 2010). Those two companies have been involved in many altercations that put a bad taste in people’s mouth about private companies working in war zones. Each company did many things that caused a lot of crisis for fellow service members while they were deployed in hostile places. These companies go to do a job get paid more by our United States Government then goes and does hostile acts against the other country, that puts many other people not just service members in harm way. So why should the DOD pay people like this? Well that is just the great debate. So with the government in war still in Afghanistan, why do we continue to rely on so many private companies, well that is because of those vital assets those people offer. So if the government would put a little more faith in the Military Services we have and train. We could start working on the costs of what is spent while we are at war. Even though it would be great to limit the use of contractors, the use of the contractors just needs to be limited in certain ways. Keep using the ones that are needed to assist in logistical support and aid in missions to assist. Try and stop the use of the ones in war zones running missions could improve on the government spending, let those people that serve in the Military keep running those missions, because that is what enlisted do serve our country. Works Cited ISENBERG, DAVID. Shadow Force. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2009. Praeger Security International Online. 1 Jan 2013.

The Filipino Christmas: A Reflection of One’s Tradition

Christmas is more than just a celebration; for most Filipino-Christians it is a way of welcoming the coming of their savior Jesus Christ. Being in a country were catholic is dominant, church plays a big role when it comes to Christmas, for the nine dawns before Christmas they have something called Simbang Gabi where they attend mass for the nine mornings leading up to Christmas. I think it is believed that if you attend all the masses, you can make a wish. Since it was really early in the morning and a bit chilly Filipinos normally look for something warm to eat and there are vendors selling food such as Puto Bumbong and Bibingka. Simbang Gabi is forever a part of the Filipino Christmas which is distinct from other countries who also celebrates Christmas.Another tradition is the reunion and for young Filipinos, it is the time when most grins are seen, parents are less likely to scold them, school works do not give too much pressure because there’s none, candies and chocolates fill their stomachs, and ninangs and ninongs fnally appear with their heart-warming gifts or aguinaldos, best dresses are worn and new shoes pamper their feet. For the old ones, this is the time when â€Å"thank you† becomes a common expression, sweat shirts and long sleeves which were kept in the deepest part of the closet are finally worn, and friends, both old and new, finally meet for the longest time.Living in a place who has different traditions during Christmas has showed me something very different even though we don’t celebrate it, I learned to be thankful for the family that I have around me during Christmas and I learned that receiving is not everything, it is always better to give.

One Shell Plaza

Dear Mr. Jones: Greetings! This letter of request comes from the External Affairs Department of our office, Strayer Foundation, a non-profit organization which commits itself in providing free basic education to underprivileged children, out-of-school youth, orphans and also to housewives and local cooperatives in the state of Virginia. We at the foundation would like to request for a thousand copies of handbooks which are part of your company’s â€Å"Come to Shell for Answers† campaign. Strayer Foundation believes that Shell Oil Company’s particular advertisement campaign could also be well utilized by the foundation as educational materials which in turn would be used in our outreach programs and educational missions throughout the state of Virginia. We at the foundation first got hold of your handbook during the National Plain English Conference held at the United States Department of Commerce in Washington, D.C. last month wherein Shell’s corporate advertising manager, Joseph C. Jones, Jr., handed one of Strayer Foundation’s representatives with a copy of the handbook which was specifically about Energy Consumption which we found very useful and informative. The foundation particularly lauds Shell Oil Company’s primary use of plain simple words in the campaign and its strong approach in conveying the message and providing useful information to the general public which could also be very useful in the fulfillment of the objectives of the foundation as well. In return for the request, the foundation could provide Shell Oil Company the following benefits: Provide favorable publicity for Shell Oil Company Increase in consumer awareness Help your firm in further enhancing reputation for responsive behavior Contribute to Shell’s credibility as a whole Differentiate Shell from the other oil companies in the industry We at Strayer Foundation believe that Shell Oil Company could approve this humble request in the pursuit of both our organizations’ objectives. We are hoping for your favorable response. Sincerely yours, Anjanee S. Balkissoon External Affairs Department Head Strayer Foundation

Teacher Professionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teacher Professionalism - Essay Example Frpm this research it is clear that when she asked Mario if he understood the corrections, she displayed what reflects the 3rd Feature laid by the MELS which expresses that teachers must â€Å"judge how well the student has read the problem situation.† These two features in the 5th Competency would mean that the MELS notion of the role of teacher not only comprises instruction, but also the social aspect. It is clear then that teachers should motivate and inspire the students in order for the teaching and learning process to be more effective. This will equate to a turnaround of the traditional means of evaluation for the teacher, thus bringing about a reformative process of the professional conduct in schools.This study presents that in the reporter's ongoing professional development as a teacher, I observed and now comprehend that the conduct of my skilled CT is professional and that she is a very caring individual. She gave the student a chance after recognizing that indeed he understood what were his mistakes. This correlates slightly with the other features under the 5th Competency which is similarly grounded on the idea of evaluating the student progress on a standpoint of socio-constructivism.  This situation introduced him to the standard of teaching where the virtues of compassion and understanding are instilled. It is worthy of emulation!   the importance of a teacher being supportive in giving encouragement and building a positive self-image for the student.

Business ethics Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business ethics - Dissertation Example The relationship between business ethics and the law has in the recent past become a controversial issue necessitating the need for further research in this area.This is since empirical evidence illustrate that when businesses aim at garnering a competitive edge,they are predisposed to performing practices that are contrary to the business ethics. Is it therefore viable to believe that businesses that have been able to maintain a competitive edge act unethically? Consequently, can businesses that have upheld their ethics be referred to as being anti-competitive? It is in the wake of these research questions that this essay will illustrate the influence that business ethics has on the performance of an organization and the relationship between business ethics and law1. Research Questions: 1. Is there any relationship between business ethics and the law? 2. Does competition influence the business ethics of an organization and how is this related to law? 3. Is social responsibility rela ted to the business ethics of an organization and the law? 4. What is the way forward to enhancing the synergy between business ethics and law? Prior to answering the research questions delineated above, it is important to understand what ethic means and why business ethics is important in law. Ethics is a moral principle that determines the conduct of behavior of various professionals as pertains to how they conduct their business and in the decisions they make. As pertains to the utilitarian theory of justice, professionals need to make decisions that are aimed at meeting the greater good of the society and not out of their inner selfish motive. This therefore means that there is need for businesses to uphold their ethics as pertains to how they conduct business. Business being aimed at prevailing above the competitors and making profit, there is need for business men to adhere to ethical principles but still remain competitive. How then is business ethic related to law?2 The law is a combination of rules and regulations that govern a group of people and violation of the law leads to criminal offence. The law is made from sanctions and principles that have been developed by people and more often than not, the law depicts the public opinion of people as pertains to various issues. With reference to business ethics, the law is sought when a business acts in an unethical manner that harms another organization or harms the general public of the organization. The law acts as leverage in disputes resulting from claims that one business did not act ethically and violated the moral principle required in business. Having understood what business ethics entails and the relationship it has with the law, it is important to evaluate how business ethics can be violated as businesses conduct their business and the implications of these violations with reference to the law.3 Models of public policy have been developed in an attempt to illustrate business ethics and what it encompasses: moral manager and the moral market. With reference to the moral manager model, it is upon the managers to engage in morally upright decisions as pertains to the decisions they make and the influence of these decisions to the performance of the organization. This therefore means that the goal of business ethics entails training managers so as to develop morally upright behaviors that re translated to decisions made and the influence they have on the performance of the organization. An organization therefore needs to institutionalize a design that monitors the performance of individuals involved in the business. Moreover, markets also serve as a concern as pertains to business ethics and the law. The forces prevalent in the market influence the performance ethics of individuals in an attempt to counter these forces or to adapt the organization to these forces.4 As businesses attempt to advance in comparison to their competitors, more often than n

Organization Culture Pictorial Project Assignment - 1

Organization Culture Pictorial Project - Assignment Example ever, the most common technique that is used by the majority of companies that are rated among the top in the world includes the maintenance of a particular organizational culture. This is reflected from the way that items are placed and arranged within the buildings, from the exterior appearance of the buildings and from the way that activities and organized and conducted within the firms. It is from the way that the Starbucks conducts its activities and portrays the elements within and without the building that elicits a lot of my interest towards the company. At Starbucks, a strong culture has been inculcated among all the employees. This is meant to motivate and encourage all the employees at all levels of management. Subsequently, this culture is extended to the customers who get the most impressive customers. The exemplary services provided by the employees make the customers want to come back for more service as well as attracts other new customers. In turn, the company has managed to witness a tremendous growth in their profits and the revenues they receive. At Starbucks, one of the most important things is the organizational culture. It starts from the leaders at the top management of the company. The president of the company describes himself as one who is fanatical about communication. This is a photo that reflects the manner in which the activities of the Starbucks Company are conducted within the premises. In particular, it reflects the kind of culture that is maintained among the employees. It is based on the American culture where a lot of efforts are made to save as much cash as possible but not at the expense of the employees. As such, the company promotes productivity by including the employees as partners in the business and making them to not only have the feeling that they are employees but that they are Starbucks itself (Burrows, 2015). This is the slogan of the Starbucks Company. It is placed just above the entrance door. It is an

Globalization in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Globalization in India - Essay Example The raise in migration, pressurise the city vicinity with increase in the density of population. The need to develop more land for living drives us to eliminate the greenery or natural habitat. Many cultivable lands were been taken away by either government or private realtors for the thrust for wealth. Land acquisition in countries like India created lot of uproar as people who depend on the land has to either relocate or they were forced to relocate leaving their age old habitats, the cattle, house etc. Multi national companies like POSCO have planned huge investments in Orissa state of India. The investment has ignited people to raise lot of concerns as it requires lot of relocation and rehabilitation management at the proposed sight. According to Vijayan MJ, the state government and POSCO rolled out a billion dollar investment plan in Orissa state of India. The land required for the project is 4004 acres out of which 3566 acres is government land and the rest 438 acres is private land. In all, as per official data, 471 families would be affected from the three Gram Panchayats. However, as per the local movement against POSCO, more than 4000 families, i.e., a population of 22000 will be affected by the project in the area.

Small Scales Industries in Developing Nations Essay

Small Scales Industries in Developing Nations - Essay Example The United States, and many other countries developed so far, have explored all channels in ensuring that their nations depends solely not on foreign goods entirely, but created many avenues for since many years have developed in all sector of the economy and thus have less dependence on other nation in terms of importing large items, but their Industries of different calibers were put into rapid development. This nation's that developed in terms of Industrialization have begun since many years through establishing Small Scales Industries, and thereafter the transformed these Industries to modern and highly advanced ones with modern innovations and technicalities. These positive approached they attached to Small Scales Industries has made their nations economically advanced indeed. Japan is yet another country which in many years back was among countries that were having Small Scales Industries. However, in recent years, the country has achieved very significantly toward the transformations of its Industrial sector from Small Scales, to developed industrialized nation. But what is the historical concept of Small Scale Industri... Why for many years Small Scale Industries in developing nations could not yield positive results What are their constraints Why Small Scale Industries in developing nations instead of having being increasing in numbers but always reducing in numbers as a result of closures Who is to blame, the government of these countries, experts, or elites How the problems facing Small Scale Industries in developing nations can be solved And how can these Industries be transformed to developed ones These and other questions will be answered in this research. Methodology: This will include a collection of theories, concepts and ideas on how the Small Scale Industries are established in developing nations, with compares with those in developed nations. These include scholarly written in books, articles, journals and many other related field which can bring out the authentic facts on the subject matter. Most of the research materials will be found in search machine, where books, journals, interviews, articles and features can also be found. ABOUT SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY IN DEVELOPING NATION Definition: (Sarbajeet K. Sen) "A small-scale industry has been defined as those units that have investment in plant and machinery of up to" (Sarbajeet K. Sen) "Under the medium-scale sector would enable the Government and other authorities to work out definite plans for funding and promoting the industries falling under the category and nurturing them to grow into stronger and larger entities in the long run". "Developing Country Entrepreneurs need small scale industries to drive their development. The USA, the greatest industrial nation in the world, began its development with horse power, water power and low tech equipment, often made within the